Tetanus - its symptoms and characteristics of the pathogen | Hospital" - Ukrainian medical portal
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Tetanus - its symptoms and characteristics of the pathogen
Tetanus - an acute infectious disease that manifests lesions of the nervous system tonic contractions of muscles and muscle cramps. Immunity against him is not made, and may be sick all warm-blooded animals.
The first description of tetanus were made by Hippocrates, it was found that the son is old scientist died from tetanus. Many doctors have studied ancient disease. Research that began in the nineteenth century, allowed to identify the causative agent of the disease that was done simultaneously contact by two scientists: A.Nikolayerom (1884) in Germany and ND Monastirsky (1883). In. Pure culture of the pathogen identified S.Kitasato contact Japanese scientist, he also managed to get tetanus toxin and, together with the German scientist E.Berinhom, brought antistolbnyachnyy toxin. That was in 1890. But science and medicine does not stand still and in 1923 the French immunologist H.Ramon managed to bring tetanus toxoid, which today is an effective preventive measure.
The disease occurs throughout the world, however, noted that the closer to the equator. What especially tetanus deaths. contact These are areas where the prevailing humid and hot climate, contact but in most cases this is underdeveloped states where medical care may not be provided. And of disinfectants and not have to talk.
About 80% of cases of tetanus occur in children under 1 year of life and, in this case the infection contact is through the umbilical cord. With-a fact that boys under 15 is a high activity, and hence there is a great likelihood of injury, and they fall into a risk group. The probability of death increases among the elderly. Noticed that rural residents often infected. Statistics describes the terrible figures: each year about 250 000 people die from tetanus, including an overwhelming number - newborns. Characteristics of the pathogen
Pathogens are anaerobic bacillus (does not require oxygen to sustain), reproduces by spores, has a very large size and great mobility, has 20 flagella. contact It is a ubiquitous organism lives in the intestines of animals and humans, without causing any harm caused by the fact. What is not absorbed by the intestines stick. Reproduction occurs at a temperature of 4 degrees to form spores contact requires oxygen. The spores are highly resistant, die boiling only after 1-3 hours in the sea water live 6 months in soil, waste products of humans and animals can live up to 10 years. Stick tetanus exotoxin highlights contact strong, it is one of the most dangerous and potent poisons (is second botulicheskoho toxin). contact However, destroy the toxin is not difficult, as it is killed by sunlight from heating.
As already mentioned, the tetanus bacillus lives quietly in the intestines contact of humans contact and warm-blooded animals, it does not bring absolutely contact no harm. But if it gets into a wound where access is limited to air (deep stab wounds), it begins to parasitize. The originator can enter the body through a carved-stab wounds, burns, frostbite, during birth, mucosal damage. In the body of the newborn it gets if the umbilical cord obrizalasya non-sterile instruments. The most common infection contact is due to microtrauma chopped limbs, it may be needle stick, nail, even splinter. Risk and provide bites of poisonous spiders and insects. Getting contact in favorable conditions parasite stick starts to produce a toxin that enter the bloodstream to the brain. Symptoms of tetanus
The incubation period is about a week, but sometimes it may be delayed and the whole month. The duration of the incubation period depends on the distance focus of infection to the central nervous system: what it is on. In the incubation period is longer. contact In infants it is 5-14 days. Disease starts with headaches in the area of the wound there twitching and tension, the patient noted increased sweating, irritability. contact Before the disease appear sore throat contact when swallowing, tormented by insomnia, the patient loses appetite, pain in the back. However, the described symptoms are not always accompany the incubation period, it can occur completely asymptomatic.
The initial stage of the disease last 2 days. The first symptom is the appearance of dull pain in the pull of infection, but by this time almost wound healing. At the same time begin to show masticatory muscles cramps - lockjaw is interfering with open mouth. Teeth at this time highly compressed
Symptoms Diseases Diseases Men Women Children diseases Handbook contact of diseases Infectious diseases Diseases Stomach Diseases Eye Diseases Heart disease intestinal ear nose throat Other disorders Abdominal pain All of acne
Tetanus - its symptoms and characteristics of the pathogen
Tetanus - an acute infectious disease that manifests lesions of the nervous system tonic contractions of muscles and muscle cramps. Immunity against him is not made, and may be sick all warm-blooded animals.
The first description of tetanus were made by Hippocrates, it was found that the son is old scientist died from tetanus. Many doctors have studied ancient disease. Research that began in the nineteenth century, allowed to identify the causative agent of the disease that was done simultaneously contact by two scientists: A.Nikolayerom (1884) in Germany and ND Monastirsky (1883). In. Pure culture of the pathogen identified S.Kitasato contact Japanese scientist, he also managed to get tetanus toxin and, together with the German scientist E.Berinhom, brought antistolbnyachnyy toxin. That was in 1890. But science and medicine does not stand still and in 1923 the French immunologist H.Ramon managed to bring tetanus toxoid, which today is an effective preventive measure.
The disease occurs throughout the world, however, noted that the closer to the equator. What especially tetanus deaths. contact These are areas where the prevailing humid and hot climate, contact but in most cases this is underdeveloped states where medical care may not be provided. And of disinfectants and not have to talk.
About 80% of cases of tetanus occur in children under 1 year of life and, in this case the infection contact is through the umbilical cord. With-a fact that boys under 15 is a high activity, and hence there is a great likelihood of injury, and they fall into a risk group. The probability of death increases among the elderly. Noticed that rural residents often infected. Statistics describes the terrible figures: each year about 250 000 people die from tetanus, including an overwhelming number - newborns. Characteristics of the pathogen
Pathogens are anaerobic bacillus (does not require oxygen to sustain), reproduces by spores, has a very large size and great mobility, has 20 flagella. contact It is a ubiquitous organism lives in the intestines of animals and humans, without causing any harm caused by the fact. What is not absorbed by the intestines stick. Reproduction occurs at a temperature of 4 degrees to form spores contact requires oxygen. The spores are highly resistant, die boiling only after 1-3 hours in the sea water live 6 months in soil, waste products of humans and animals can live up to 10 years. Stick tetanus exotoxin highlights contact strong, it is one of the most dangerous and potent poisons (is second botulicheskoho toxin). contact However, destroy the toxin is not difficult, as it is killed by sunlight from heating.
As already mentioned, the tetanus bacillus lives quietly in the intestines contact of humans contact and warm-blooded animals, it does not bring absolutely contact no harm. But if it gets into a wound where access is limited to air (deep stab wounds), it begins to parasitize. The originator can enter the body through a carved-stab wounds, burns, frostbite, during birth, mucosal damage. In the body of the newborn it gets if the umbilical cord obrizalasya non-sterile instruments. The most common infection contact is due to microtrauma chopped limbs, it may be needle stick, nail, even splinter. Risk and provide bites of poisonous spiders and insects. Getting contact in favorable conditions parasite stick starts to produce a toxin that enter the bloodstream to the brain. Symptoms of tetanus
The incubation period is about a week, but sometimes it may be delayed and the whole month. The duration of the incubation period depends on the distance focus of infection to the central nervous system: what it is on. In the incubation period is longer. contact In infants it is 5-14 days. Disease starts with headaches in the area of the wound there twitching and tension, the patient noted increased sweating, irritability. contact Before the disease appear sore throat contact when swallowing, tormented by insomnia, the patient loses appetite, pain in the back. However, the described symptoms are not always accompany the incubation period, it can occur completely asymptomatic.
The initial stage of the disease last 2 days. The first symptom is the appearance of dull pain in the pull of infection, but by this time almost wound healing. At the same time begin to show masticatory muscles cramps - lockjaw is interfering with open mouth. Teeth at this time highly compressed
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